资料图:日本福岛第一核电站。
2011年,福岛核电站事故发生后,大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋,对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害,数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日,作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。
日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由,在2021年4月13日,正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多,日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。
日本政府辩称,这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全,甚至“可以喝”,这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。
事实上,经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质,核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收,长期来看,将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁,最终危害人类健康。
因此,核污水排海计划推出后,遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示,福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中,约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场,反对该计划。
日本政府认为,核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案,但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海,核污水会随着洋流流动,其影响势必会跨越国界,危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。
《韩国经济新闻》发文称,相关研究认为,福岛核污水如果排放入海,约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域,该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。
德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告,若日本将所有核污水排入海中,不到半年,整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁,包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。
日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国,有义务保护海洋环境。然而,在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上,日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。
国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估,但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论,并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下,日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设,这是极不负责任的行为。
太平洋不是日本的下水道,日本必须正视各方合理关切,在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后,制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远,若只顾眼前,执意将核污水排放入海,不仅其自身,周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单,其后果必将会危害数代人。
Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business
By John Lee
(ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.
Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.
The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.
On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.
The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.
In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.
Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.
The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.
The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.
The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.
According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.
As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.
However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.
Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.
The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.
If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.
“让更多人把心中爱的源泉激活”****** “让更多人把心中爱的源泉激活” ——走进话剧《桂梅老师》 光明日报记者 徐鑫雨 张 勇 “老师做的事我们也能做,所有人都付出,爱就有了良性循环!无数人的爱加起来,才是真正的——大爱无疆!” 这是话剧《桂梅老师》中同学们的台词,振聋发聩。 “爱要形成良性循环。”这是“七一勋章”获得者、云南华坪女子高级中学校长张桂梅常说的话。在第十三届中国艺术节上,云南省话剧院以张桂梅为原型创作的话剧《桂梅老师》,荣获我国舞台艺术领域的政府最高奖——文华大奖。 时隔18年,云南戏剧作品再次荣获文华大奖。《桂梅老师》获奖秘诀何在?用话剧形式塑造英模人物难点在哪里?西南边疆云岭高原为何能培育出《桂梅老师》这样的艺术精品? 话剧《桂梅老师》剧照 光明日报记者 张勇摄/光明图片 十二年的苦寒磨炼 2009年,在云南英模先进事迹颁奖晚会上,云南省话剧院创作演出了王宝社担任编剧、导演的短剧《感恩的心》,这是云南省话剧院与张桂梅的第一次接触。 “从那时起,我们对桂梅老师留下了深刻的印象,创作一部以张桂梅感人事迹为题材的原创话剧,一直埋在云南省话剧院和王宝社老师心中。”导演常浩回忆道。在酝酿了十余年后,编剧、导演王宝社于2020年写下了话剧《桂梅老师》。 虽然有了好剧本,但摆在话剧院面前的仍是重重困难。 “第一难的不是资金、不是时间,而是没有演员。”常浩说,“我和宝社老师算来算去,终于攒够了4位老师、5位学生、3个孩子。面对缺少演员的困难,话剧院的演员们付出了许多汗水。在剧中扮演女高学生的李欣瑶已经能够在5位女高学生角色之间任意转换,准备随时顶上去。” “一直以来,演员们的心中都有一团火。大家对桂梅老师的崇敬变成了一种责任,想通过话剧让更多人把心中爱的源泉激活。”张桂梅的扮演者,云南省戏剧家协会驻会副主席、国家一级演员李红梅说。 创作一部能留得下来的作品,需要沉下心来对人物、事件做深入的研究。2009年开始,《桂梅老师》主创人员便对张桂梅的事迹进行持续不断地追踪,12年间,积累了400多个相关素材,通过长期观察、提炼、演绎,形成了有深度、有温度的作品。 李红梅多次到华坪采风,从早到晚,跟着张桂梅查寝、家访、开校会,用脑用心用笔记录着她的言谈举止。她凭借着12年来对张桂梅的观察与了解,成功塑造出了桂梅老师这一形象。 “桂梅老师身上让我感触最深的品质就是坚守。”在剧中饰演宣讲队成员等角色的章超说。 把英模人物塑造得有血有肉 创作英模人物题材的戏剧,难点在于如何塑造一个真实可信、有血有肉的典型形象。桂梅老师真的形体、真的情感、真的病痛,都真真切切地展示在舞台上。 “《桂梅老师》从普通人的视角观察英模、从生活的细节中发现英模的方式,构成了这部作品的艺术特色之一。”《文艺报》新闻部主任徐健说。 2021年6月《桂梅老师》在云南昆明首演以来,云南话剧院收到了许多反馈,其中一条留言这样写道:“你相信光吗?看完话剧《桂梅老师》,让我相信一件事,人皆可以为尧舜。”云南省话剧院院长马捷看到之后十分感动:“剧中的英模人物形象,让大家觉得可亲、可敬、可学,是对我们最大的认可。” “主创们立志突破同质化,从客观生活出发,从真实人物出发,运用逆向思维的普遍性、批判性和新颖性,抛掉概念化,提纯化的老套,把桂梅老师塑造得很真实、很生动、很感人。”剧作家、戏剧评论家欧阳逸冰如此评价。 云南省文化和旅游厅副厅长王江红说:“时代需要英模来激励人们,《桂梅老师》诠释了大爱无疆的精神,讲出了无私奉献的时代精神。” 《桂梅老师》为何能从西南边疆脱颖而出 如何开拓市场、票房?文艺院团的价值何在?这些问题也曾经困扰云南话剧院。 “中央关于文艺来源于人民、文艺要服务于人民的要求,给我们指明了创作方向,激励我们去讴歌时代、讴歌人民、讴歌英雄!”马捷说。于是《鲁甸72小时》《农民院士》《桂梅老师》等优秀舞台作品在云南话剧院陆续诞生。 如今,《桂梅老师》已分别赴北京、重庆等10多个城市和云南省演出60余场。2023年,该剧将启动第二轮全国巡演。 《桂梅老师》为什么能脱颖而出? 王江红表示,《桂梅老师》的成功,得益于近几年来云南省实施的“云南文化精品工程”“云岭文化名家工程”,重视运用文艺形式宣传张桂梅等先进典型,在全省遴选出一批重点创作扶持作品建立项目库,首批入库6部作品中,以张桂梅事迹为题材的就有3部,《桂梅老师》名列其中。云南对项目库作品建立专家帮扶机制,对《桂梅老师》等重点作品进行指导扶持。 “正因为这些文艺政策的鼓励和培育,激励了云南话剧院等文艺院团和广大文艺工作者创作文艺精品的热情,才涌现出《桂梅老师》等一批优秀舞台艺术作品。”王江红感慨地说。 《光明日报》( 2022年12月27日 09版) (文图:赵筱尘 巫邓炎) [责编:天天中] 阅读剩余全文() |